\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot8-\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{25}+1}=4-\dfrac{\sqrt{29}}{5}=\dfrac{20-\sqrt{29}}{5}\)

`#3107.101107`

a)

`2/5 \sqrt{25} - 1/2 \sqrt{4}`

`= 2/5 * \sqrt{5^2} - 1/2 * \sqrt{2^2}`

`= 2/5*5 - 1/2*2`

`= 2 - 1`

`= 1`

b)

`0,5*\sqrt{0,09} + 5*\sqrt{0,81}`

`= 0,5*\sqrt{(0,3)^2} + 5*\sqrt{(0,9)^2}`

`= 0,5*0,3 + 5*0,9`

`= 0,15 + 4,5`

`= 4,65`

c)

`2/5\sqrt{25/36} - 5/2\sqrt{4/25}`

`= 2/5*\sqrt{(5^2)/(6^2)} - 5/2*\sqrt{(2^2)/(5^2)}`

`= 2/5*5/6 - 5/2*2/5`

`= 1/3 - 1`

`= -2/3`

d)

`-2 \sqrt{(-36)/(-16)} + 5 \sqrt{(-81)/(-25)}`

`= -2*\sqrt{36/16} + 5*\sqrt{81/25}`

`= -2*\sqrt{(6^2)/(4^2)} + 5*\sqrt{(9^2)/(5^2)}`

`= -2*6/4 + 5*9/5`

`= -3 + 9`

`= 6`

Điều kiện: \(x\ge2012;y\ge2013;z\ge2014\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy, ta có:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{\sqrt{x-2012}-1}{x-2012}=\dfrac{\sqrt{4\left(x-2012\right)}-2}{2\left(x-2012\right)}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{4+x-2012}{2}-2}{2\left(x-2012\right)}=\dfrac{1}{4}\\\dfrac{\sqrt{y-2013}-1}{y-2013}=\dfrac{\sqrt{4\left(y-2013\right)}-2}{2\left(y-2013\right)}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{4+y-2013}{2}-2}{2\left(y-2013\right)}=\dfrac{1}{4}\\\dfrac{\sqrt{z-2014}-1}{z-2014}=\dfrac{\sqrt{4\left(z-2014\right)}-2}{2\left(z-2014\right)}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{4+z-2014}{2}-2}{2\left(z-2014\right)}=\dfrac{1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Cộng vế theo vế, ta được:

\(\dfrac{\sqrt{x-2012}-1}{x-2012}+\dfrac{\sqrt{y-2013}-1}{y-2013}+\dfrac{\sqrt{z-2014}-1}{z-2014}\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=2016;y=2017;z=2018\)

Vậy....

\(M=\dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2012}+\sqrt{2013}}\)

\(=\sqrt{2}-1+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{2013}-\sqrt{2012}\)

\(=\sqrt{2013}-1\)

Xét :\(\dfrac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{n+\left(n+1\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{2n+1}=\dfrac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{4n^2+4n+1}}< \dfrac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{4n^2+4n}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{2\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)

Do đó :

\(S< \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{24}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{25}}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{5}\right)=\dfrac{2}{5}\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}\left(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)

Thế vô bài toán ta được

\(A=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2012}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2013}}=1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2013}}\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}\left(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n.\left(n+1\right)}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)

Sau đó thế vô bài toán và làm tiếp như bác ctv là ta hoàn thành bài toán!

@Akai Haruma,@Ace Legona

\(S=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1.2012}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2.2011}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2012.1}}>\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{1+2012}{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{2+2011}{2}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{2012+1}{2}}=\dfrac{2012}{\dfrac{2013}{2}}=\dfrac{4024}{2013}\)

\(A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}}-....-\frac{1}{\sqrt{24}-\sqrt{25}}\)

\(=\frac{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}{(\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2})(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2})}-\frac{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}{(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3})(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3})}+\frac{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}{(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4})(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4})}-...-\frac{\sqrt{24}+\sqrt{25}}{(\sqrt{24}-\sqrt{25})(\sqrt{24}+\sqrt{25})}\)

\(=\frac{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}{-1}-\frac{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}{-1}+\frac{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}{-1}-...-\frac{\sqrt{24}+\sqrt{25}}{-1}\)

\(=\frac{(1+\sqrt{2})-(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3})+(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4})-...-(\sqrt{24}+\sqrt{25})}{-1}\)

\(=\frac{1-\sqrt{25}}{-1}=4\)

\(B=\frac{5}{4+\sqrt{11}}+\frac{11-3\sqrt{11}}{\sqrt{11}-3}-\frac{4}{\sqrt{5}-1}+\sqrt{(\sqrt{5}-2)^2}\)

\(=\frac{5(4-\sqrt{11})}{(4+\sqrt{11})(4-\sqrt{11})}+\frac{\sqrt{11}(\sqrt{11}-3)}{\sqrt{11}-3}-\frac{4(\sqrt{5}+1)}{(\sqrt{5}-1)(\sqrt{5}+1)}+\sqrt{5}-2\)

\(=\frac{5(4-\sqrt{11})}{5}+\sqrt{11}-\frac{4(\sqrt{5}+1)}{4}+\sqrt{5}-2\)

\(=4-\sqrt{11}+\sqrt{11}-(\sqrt{5}+1)+\sqrt{5}-2\)

\(=1\)

\(C=\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{x\sqrt{x}+x+\sqrt{x}}: \frac{1}{x^2-\sqrt{x}}=\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}(x+\sqrt{x}+1)}.(x^2-\sqrt{x})\)

\(=\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}(x+\sqrt{x}+1)}.\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x^3}-1)\)

\(=\frac{(\sqrt{x}+1)(\sqrt{x^3}-1)}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}\)

\(=\frac{(\sqrt{x}+1)(\sqrt{x}-1)(x+\sqrt{x}+1)}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}\)

\(=(\sqrt{x}+1)(\sqrt{x}-1)=x-1\)